Contaminated Without Consent

An Investigation into Bisphenol A in Canned Foods

Eating common canned foods is exposing consumers to levels of bisphenol A (BPA) equal to levels shown to cause health problems in laboratory animals, according to a new study released today by The National Work Group for Safe Markets, a coalition of public health and environmental health groups. The study, No Silver Lining, tested food from 50 cans from 19 US states and one Canadian province for BPA contamination. Over 90% of the cans tested had detectable levels of BPA, some at higher levels than have been detected in previous studies.
The canned foods tested were brand name fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, soups, tomato products, sodas, and milks, which together represent “real-life” meal options for a wide range of North American consumers. The cans were purchased from retail stores and were chosen from report participants’ pantry shelves, and sent to an independent laboratory for testing. One can of DelMonte green beans had the highest levels of BPA ever found in canned food, at 1,140 parts per billion.

Revealed: US Government Program Secretly Injected Citizens with Plutonium, Uranium

 

In a secret program that is now admitted to be true, the United States government injected unknowing human ‘participants’ with highly toxic plutonium. It sounds like a bizarre torture scenario that you’d expect to see blamed on illegal terror organizations, but the individuals behind this crime are actually doctors working for the United States government. Disregarding the health of innocent citizens, the government testers were eager to see how unknowing participants suffered as a result of secret plutonium injection.
It began in 1945, when an employee at the Oak Ridge Nuclear Facility was in a car accident. Ebb Cade survived, but was taken in as a human participant in a disturbing study he did not consent to. It is important to note that this man was a fifty-three-year-old African American, as previous government trials have singled out African Americans and other minorities. The racist sterilization programs occurred between 1929 to 1974 under an admitted eugenics programs that officials claimed were ‘creating a better society’. Most victims were poor, black women who were ‘deemed unfit to be parents’. Individuals as young as 10 were sterilized simply for not getting along with schoolmates or being promiscuous, and many parents were misled into sterilizing their children.
Ebb Cade was taken and bound to a bed with a broken arm and leg, where doctors interviewed him regarding his current state of health. After determining he was in a state of proper health, doctors secretly injected him with 4.7 micrograms of plutonium on Aptil 10th. It is still unknown who exactly ordered the program within the U.S. government, as they have managed to disassociate themselves with the entire nefarious program. At the time of the injection, scientists were perfectly aware of the negative effects associated with radiation. With cancers and radiation sickness on the rise, these scientists knew exactly what they were doing — examining the effects of plutonium isotopes on living beings.
Prior to the tests on Cade, the scientists injected animals with plutonium and noted the severe adverse effects. In some cases, animals were even fed radioactive waste. In fact, one scientist received a face full of gas and required his stomach to be pumped along with a full face scrub in an attempt to eliminate the threat. The scientists made sure that they were given the full treatment after the exposure. Meanwhile, they were injecting individuals with plutonium.
Scientists took excretions from Cade over the next five days to see how much plutonium retained in his body. They also refused to set his broken bones until April 15th, and cut samples from the bone before doing so to examine the plutonium content in his bone tissue. Fifteen of his teeth were pulled for testing. After all of this, they never informed Cade what they were doing. One nurse said that the tortured Cade escaped in the middle of the night, and he was later found to die in 1953 of heart failure.

Sadly, Cade was not the last test experiment.
Three human experiments followed, all cancer patients seeking treatment. Instead of treatment, the patients were injected with deadly plutonium in order for government scientists to see the effects. A man in his sixties with lung cancer, a woman in her fifties with breast cancer, and a “young man” with Hodgkin’s lymphoma were all given the poison. Conveniently, the third patient’s records are not available. He was injected with fifteen times more than any other individual, at 95 micrograms.
What followed is further widespread testing. The University of Rochester joined the program, injecting patients with not only plutonium but radioactive isotopes like polonium and uranium. Other institutions like the University of California soon followed suit.
Perhaps most concerning is the fact that this disgusting disregard for human health is not an isolated incident. The Tuskegee syphilis experiment is but one example of secret government human experiments that have run rampant throughout recent history. Taking place between 1932 and 1972,  Tuskegee, Alabama, the U.S. Public Health Service knowingly infected poor black men with syphillus in order to test the effects. These men thought that they were receiving free healthcare by the U.S. government.
The list goes on, targeting minorities and the disabled in particular. From forced sterilizations to incognito injections, there is a lengthy history of government testing that shows the blatant disregard for your health by the United States government and elsewhere. With this in mind, is it any wonder why the FDA keeps toxic substances like mercury unregulated among the food supply?

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Biofarms’ to Integrate Vaccines, Pharmaceuticals into GMO ‘Biopharmaceutical’ Crops

 

The truth really is much stranger than fiction, especially when it comes to the open and admitted future plans of major biotechnology companies. One such case involves a biotech company known as ProdiGene, the officials from which actually faced jail time back in 2002 for contaminating the traditional food supply with ‘biopharmaceutical’ crops that were growing pharmaceuticals and vaccine components associated with AIDS, diabetes, and diarrhea. Contaminating 500,000 bushels of soy with their biopharmaceutical corn that contained pharmaceutical and vaccine components associated with deadly diseases, the company was slapped with a minor $500,000 fine by the USDA (the same government organization that gives Monsanto’s crops special speed approval and ignores the company’s blatant disregard for its regulations). As it turns out, the pharmaceutical crops were actually mixed in with traditional crops and unknowing farmers had already been planted for human consumption. The USDA claims, however, that the crops were confiscated.
After receiving the fine and some press coverage on the subject, ProdiGene decided not to apologize but to expand their mission. The company, in combination with estimates by Dow AgroSciences, stated that they sought to reach $200 billion in biopharmaceutical crops within 10 years (as of 2004). Furthermore, they estimated that 10% of the corn in the United States will be biopharmaceutical in nature.
In other words, it could contain hidden nano-scale vaccinations, antibiotics, anti-depressants, or any form of pharmaceutical drug. One California based company has even created a spermicidal corn to be used as a mass contraceptive. In an AlterNet piece covering the issue entitled ‘Spermicidal Breakfast Cereal’, author Carmelo Ruiz-Marrero asks:

What would happen if contraceptive corn or antibiotic wheat accidentally made it to the supermarket? Nobody knows, but that isn’t stopping agribusiness from pursuing these crops.

Vaccines, Drugs, Sterilizations to be Fused into Nation’s Dinner?

The existence of such technology brings the fight against GMOs to an entirely new level. Outside of the known effects such as recent links to tumors, DNA damage, and other complications, GMO crops on your dinner table could soon contain pharmaceutical drugs like statins in an effort of ‘mass medicating’ the public. Such an effort would likely be used in conjunction with others to fight against those who choose to opt out of vaccinations, delivering the vaccine through the food supply.


It may sound absurd, and it is, but is not a new notion. Researchers previously designed a method in which mosquitoes could be ‘flying vaccine carriers’ to inject large numbers of individuals with vaccinations without their knowledge of consent. As one spokesman for a major ecology organization explained:

“One single mistake from a biotechnology company and we’ll be having someone else’s prescription medicine for breakfast in our cereal,” explained Larry Bohlen from Friends of the Earth, an international ecology organization.

The information ties in with the recent news revealing that Monsanto now owns a monumental ‘gene silencing’ technology for pharmaceutical use in humans. The king biotechnology company even forged a recent alliance with Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to get the initiative started. After all, Monsanto would not lose an opportunity to conquer a large portion of the massive $200 billion biopharmaceutical crop market.
Other corporations are looking to get a chunk too, with the molecularfarming.com website acting a hub for farmers willing to lease their land for biopharmaceutical experiments across the globe. Touting a net worth of $80 billion in the coming years, investors are continually looking to get their hands on biopharmaceutical growing operations to churn out drug-containing GMO crops for mass consumption — and mass profits. So far, they’ve garnered contracts as far as Zimbabwe to continue their operations.
Just like regular GMOs, DDT, and cigarettes, experts are concerned that the real effects of biopharmaceutical growth may not be recognized until decades later.

“What will have to happen before the Department of Agriculture takes seriously the fact that millions of people almost ended up consuming experimental drugs and chemicals?” asks Brandon Keim, of the Council for Responsible Genetics in reference to the ProdiGene scandal. “A few sensational deaths? Maybe an increase in debilitating disorders which will only be noticeable some decades later, when it’s already too late?”

If the public grows more aware of GMO dangers with the grassroots support and potential passing of Prop 37, however, biopharmaceutical farms may never see mainstream success.

How Pringles Are Made – Revealing the Shocking Truth

 

You may think that Pringles are just like other potato chips, or that they are potato chips at all.  The truth of the matter is that Pringles do not come from potatoes in any recognizable way. In fact, the Pringles company once stated that potato content of their chips was so low that they are technically not even potato chips. The statement was made in order to avoid taxes typically placed upon traditional potato chip makers, though it revealed a bit of truth behind how Pringles are made.

The Truth Behind How Pringles are Made

While traditional potato chip manufacturers shave off slices of potato and deep fry them, Pringles are much different. The creation process begins with a slurry of wheat, rice, corn, and potato flakes that are pressed into form. The resulting dough is then laid out like a sheet of ultra-thin cookie dough and mechanically cut into shape. The chips then move forward on a conveyor belt until they are ultimately pressed into molds, giving it the famous Pringles shape.

The next step of the process in how Pringles are made  truly separates Pringles from traditional potato chips, even more so than the fact that they aren’t made using real potatoes.
After moving through burning oil and frying for a few seconds, the chips are blown dry, sprayed with powdered flavors, and flipped onto a slower conveyor belt that allows for them to stack. The Pringles are then distributed to a store near you, sitting among other mystery food items to be consumed by unknowing customers. Sometimes it is important to look at the process in which food is made in addition to the ingredients. Through heavily processing any type of food, you are essentially destroying the nutritional content and making it virtually worthless to the body. Pringles, and other snack brands are not only questionably made, but are heavily processed and depleted of vital nutrients that you need to thrive.
Instead of chowing down on potato-free Pringles, purchase some superfood snacks for a delicious treat that only contains 1-2 ingredients at most, none of which are processed in mega factories with artificial flavoring!

The Invisible Nuclear Threat Within Non-Organic Food

 
  

Whether you know it or or not, nuclear waste (cobalt-60) has been used for decades to make your food "safer."

There is a profound misunderstanding in the mass market today about the value of certified organic food.  The question is not whether the 50% higher or more you pay at the register for an organic product is really worth the added vitamin, mineral and phytonutrient content you receive.  Even though organic food does usually have considerably higher nutrient density, it is not always the positive quality of what it contains that makes it so special. Rather, it is what you know the organic food does not contain, or what has not happened to it on its journey to your table, that makes buying organic a no-brainer to the educated consumer.  Let me explain.

The FDA presently supports and actively promotes the use of cobalt-60 culled from nuclear reactors as a form of "electronic pasteurization" on all domestically produced conventional food. They claim it makes the food "safer."¹ The use of euphemisms like "food additive" and "pasteurization" to describe the process of blasting food with inordinately high levels of gamma radiation can not obviate the fact that the very same death rays generated by thermonuclear warfare to destroy life are now being applied to food to "make it safer."  This sort of Orwellian logic, e.g. WAR is PEACE, is the bread and butter of State-sponsored industry propaganda, and also informs other ostensibly "humanitarian" applications of weapons of mass destruction such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Inconceivably High Amounts of Radiation Used To "Pasteurize" Your Food

This is not a hypochondriac's ranting, as we aren't talking here about small amounts of radiation.  The level of gamma radiation used starts at 1 kiloGray (equivalent to 2,500,000 chest x-rays (40 millirems each) or 166 times a human lethal dose (5 Grays)) and goes all the way up to 30 kiloGray (75,000,000 chest x-rays or 4,980 times a human lethal dose).  The following table is a list of foods that are increasingly being "nuked" for your protection.

 

Source: FTSI, Food Irradiation

How Do You Know If Your Food Has Been Nuked?

When you buy conventional food, there is little assurance that it has not been irradiated.  Although labeling requirements specify that irradiated food sold in stores should have the international symbol - the Radura - affixed to it, oversight is particularly poor in this regard, and restaurant food and processed food containing irradiated ingredients are not legally required to be labeled as such.

Labeled, or not, irradiated food is exposed to the same ionizing gamma radiation that destroyed life in Hiroshima, Chernobyl and now Fukushima. "Primitive" life forms like microbes refuse to ingest irradiated food (which is why we use it), but humans are gullible enough to believe industry pundits and governmental "authorities" like the USDA and FDA, who say doses of radiation applied to your food up to and quite close to a billion chest x-rays worth of ionizing radiation is safe for human consumption.

Is Your Health "Collateral Damage" In The War Against Food Perishability?

Despite the irresponsible promotion of this process as safe, food irradiation destroys much of the vitamin content of food, produces a number of toxic byproducts: formaldehyde, benzene, and formic acid, as well as unique radiolytic products, e.g. 2-alklycyclobutanoes, that have been demonstrated to be cytotoxic (damages cells), genotoxic (damages DNA), and carcinogenic (causes cancer) in test tube and animal studies. (View peer-reviewed research on gamma irradiation here).
Also, gamma radiation is capable of increasing the allergenicity of food proteins such as milk by denaturing them, and this side effect was found to occur, ironically, even at low radiation doses.
How is it, then,  that a process that is so obviously detrimental to human health is allowed? There are at least three reasons driving this dangerous process:

1. Food Sanitization: food irradiation allows for the continuance of the fundamentally unsanitary and unsafe farming practices considered essential for the profitability of large corporation-owned factory farms.  When raw human sewage and wastewater in combination with manure from sick, antibiotic-raised animals is used as fertilizer, virulent strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria can infect the product, getting deep within its tissues where chemical sanitizers can't reach.  Gamma-radiation, which effectively penetrates deep within the product, enables the irresponsible, immoral and unsanitary conditions to remain.
2. Food Globalization: The increased stabilization and reduction in perishability provided by food irradiation supports the continued globalization of food production and distribution, furthering the agendas and profitability of transnational corporations, whose respect for the sovereignty, constitutional rights and public health of the U.S. or any other nation, is secondary to the primary aim of raw, unregulated capitalism in pursuit of profits at all costs.
3. Food Politicization: Finally, the military-industrial complex requires that the public perceive nuclear energy as not just an element of war, or potential ecological disaster, but as something "beneficial" that may protect us from harm. Nuclear waste, once the irrepressible hobgoblin of the nuclear energy industry, is suddenly transformed - under the guidance and support of our government - into both a profitable commodity and a "therapeutic" agent.

It Gets Worse: Spraying Our Food With Virus Cocktail To Make it "Better"

In the same way that irradiating bacteria contaminated food does nothing to remove the unsanitary processes that cause the underlying problem, in 2006, the FDA passed, without any public review or oversight, the use of bacteriphage virus "cocktails" to be sprayed on meat, in an attempt to prevent Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks.  These bacteria-specific viruses, in theory, lay dormant waiting for virulent and antibiotic-resistant bacteria upon which they prey.
Although the FDA only approves the use of lysic bacteriphages which are not believed to alter the DNA of the cells they infect, the possibility of contamination with lysogenic strains which can alter DNA is significant, owing to the fact that these viruses are only between 20 and 200 millionth of a millimeter in size.  The FDA's decision to define bacteriophages as "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) food additives is premature, and therefore a red flag to those who are concerned about the underlying food safety issues that are not being addressed.

Genetically Modified Organisms: The Food Experiment You Are Already Enrolled In

With the country still reeling from the implosion of the financial markets, new attention has been placed on the huge trade deficits the US has with its trading partners.  One major factor in our increasingly disadvantaged global trading position is our decision to use genetically modified organisms (GMO's), despite growing concern over its short and long term adverse effects on the health of the human body and the environment.  For example in 2006 "the most significant event in the history of the U.S. rice industry" occurred, according to David Coia of the USA Rice Federation trade group, when trace amounts of genetically modified rice was found commingled in the U.S. rice supply.
According to Green Peace, the U.S. sustained approximately 1.2 billion dollars in losses, when over 30 countries were affected by the contamination, and many closed their markets to U.S. rice, including the European Union and the Philippines.  Why the global outcry? Despite our government's arguably criminal avoidance of the evidence linking genetically modified food to adverse health effects, the governments of other nations are aware of the dire risks to human and environmental health these GMOs pose.  America one of the only countries in the world which does not require GMO ingredients or foods to be labeled as such. We can't expect the rest of the world to so carelessly experiment on its population with foods that have been profoundly altered to contain potentially toxic gene products from other species, as well as contamination with highly toxic agrichemicals such as Roundup, or similar glyphosate-based formulations.
Their reluctance to participate in the largest food experiment in the history of our species is directly reflected in the world' s increasing resistance to accepting food exported from the U.S., which has had huge impacts on our economic well-being. If you wish to withdraw yourself as a guinea pig from this national GMO experiment, remember, the only way you can know for sure that you food is not genetically modified is if it is certified organic, or certified GMO-free. (to learn about the devastating health effects of GMOs, go to seedsofdeception.com)

Buying Organic Food: Vote With Your Fork!

Food quality has become an oxymoron in this country.  With the state-sponsored promotion of food irradiation, virus-laden food additives, genetic modification, pesticide usage and raw sewage fertilizer, Americans who don't go out of their way to buy only organic food, are unknowing participants in the largest food experiment ever performed in recorded history. Not too long ago, all cultures considered food sacred for its ability to sustain our physical, emotional and spiritual well being from the ground up.  Today, the forces of commodification and naked, unbridled "free market" capitalism have converted food into devitalized metabolic poisons, which slowly render those who consume them into commodities themselves, i.e. sickened patients, against whom are plied the thousands of branded 'snake-oil' potions conjured up by the conventional medical establishment's cauldron-like pharmacopeia.
Remember, next time you shop, know that buying organic isn't just about it being more nutritious than conventional food; rather, it provides the only assurance that can still shield you from the veritable minefield of potential health liabilities which is lurking within every supermarket across the land. Also, it enables you to affect real change by voting with your fork when the ballot box or government representatives increasingly moves in the wrong direction.

	History of the Fluoride/Iodine Antagonism© 1996 - 2009 PFPC 1854 - Maumene feeds sodium fluoride to a dog and causes a goitre to appear [also spelled goiter]. He is the first to consider fluorides as a cause of goiter. Suggests that high fluoride in water might cause endemic struma (goiter). (NOTE: The amount of fluoride given was 20 to 120 mg Na F-/day, for four months - Buergi, 1984 claims that a "cumulative dose of 10 g" was given.) 1869 - First experiments with sodium fluoride, showing inhibitory effects on glycolysis [a thyroid hormone - associated event] in isolated muscle tissue, are published by Nasse.(see also: 1937 Litzka) 1917/1918 - McKay, the dentist who investigated the cause of ‘mottled teeth’ - later to be renamed ‘dental fluorosis’, writes in the "Dental Cosmos" that enamel conditions in children with ‘mottled teeth’  are identical to those reported by Prof. Greves in Holland as being due to thyroid dysfunction (goitre). Greves reports that when rats were given water from the Utrecht area, goitre and mottled enamel developed. 1919 -1921 - Ignorant of McKay’s work, Goldemberg (Argentina) investigates the areas then commonly referred to as "goiterous waters" ('Kropfwaesser'), and reviews the work by others (Repin, Gautier, Clausmann, McCarrison, Parhou and Goldstein, Pighini, Christiani, Cahages, Houssay, Tappeiner, Schulz, Brandt and Pisotti).  His findings convince him that the world-wide occurrence of goiter and cretinism is NOT due to iodine deficiency as commonly believed, but is the result of excessive fluoride intake from air, food and water. [Jod Basedow] He conducts animal experiments to test his hypothesis and reports that 2 to 3 mgs of NaF- daily for 6 to 8 months produced a 5 to 6-fold increase in the size of the thyroid gland. He calls the condition ‘cretinisme fluorique’. 1923 - Pighini causes goiters in rats, dogs and chicken by giving them fluoridated water from a goiterous area. When sodium fluoride was administered, the same histological changes in the thyroid were seen as are produced in endemic goitre. 1926 - Goldemberg is the first to take medical advantage of the now much-observed iodine-fluoride antagonism. He deliberates that, because fluoride was the reason behind iodine deficiency/goitre areas, it would therefore also reduce the high iodine levels in Basedow patients and begins to use fluorides to effectively cure Basedow's disease - hyperthyroidism caused by excessive iodine consumption.    Goldemberg publishes extensively between 1921 and 1935 on his findings of applying fluorides as anti-thyroid medication. 1927 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports that daily intake of 3 mgs of fluoride in rabbits and rats leads to goiter and cretinism-like conditions. 1930 - Christiani publishes on the changes in thyroid function from fluoride injections. [Earlier, in 1925, Christiani and Gautier became the first to use the term ‘fluorosis’. They called it "La Fluorose" and "Cachexie fluorique", using these terms to describe "fluoride intoxication" (not yet described as "dental fluorosis"...), as induced by fluoride emissions from a Swiss aluminum smelter. LINK] 1932 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) publishes findings on 1500 experiments using fluoride to inhibit thyroid function in mice and metamorphosis in tadpoles. NOTE: As it had been shown that metamorphosis in tadpoles was regulated by thyroid hormones, one had to show inhibition of metamorphosis to satisfy claims that a medication was an “anti-thyroid”. This test was known as the "Gudernatsche Tadpole Test". 1932 - Machoro (Italy) uses sodium fluoride in the successful treatment of hyperthyroidism. 1932 - Wilhelm May (Germany) also starts fluoride therapy in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, using calcium fluoride tablets, topical ointments, etc.. 1933 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports more on fluoride’s effect on the thyroid. 1934 - Purjesz and colleagues (Poland) give chicken eggs high in fluoride to hyperthyroid patients and achieve lowering of body temperature, of pulse and BMR, as well as weight gain; report  that most of the fluoride is found in liver; no fluoride is found in the blood of healthy people. 1934 - Chang, Phillips, et al. report that in the thyroid of cows fed fluoride for a long time, the fluoride content increased to 240 times as much. [Note: in the original text it states 24 times, however, Dr. Phillips later corrected the text figures in a communication with Wilson & DeEds -> see: 1940] 1935 - Phillips et al. (USA) report that fluoride and thyroid have synergistic effects on fluorosis in chicken. 1935 - Phillips et al. conduct studies in rats and find the same results: fluoride and thyroid have synergistic toxic effects. 1936 - Phillips conducts further animal experiments and verifies the 1935 findings. 1937 - Litzka (Germany) discusses the mode of action of fluorides in treating patients with hyperthyroidism: fluoride antagonizes thyroid hormone effects/glycolysis in liver and influences glycolysis in skeletal muscle. 1937 - Wilhelm May reports further on his fluoride therapy, including the use of sodium fluoride ointments (up to one year-therapy), and Fluorotyrosin (6 to 8 - week therapy). Also reports on findings that two other common medications given in the treatment of hyperthyroidism - Solvitren and Tyronorman - had been found to contain fluoride, in fact double the amount used in Fluorotyrosin. Further May reports that the traditional areas where people had been sent for “natural therapy” (‘Kur’) were found to contain higher amounts of fluoride in the water. 1937 - Kraft (Knoll AG, Germany) investigates inorganic sodium fluoride and organic fluoride compounds fluorobenzoic acid and fluorotyrosine and reports that all fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormones. It is a matter of amplification - the fluoride component is essential. 1939 - Steyn (South Africa) first reports on his findings of fluoride-induced goiter. 1940 - Wilson and DeEds (USA) report dental fluorosis in rats as a result of the synergistic action of fluoride and thyroid hormones. Results are described as "strikingly clearcut". 1941 - Wilson (UK) reports in the Lancet on his findings that mottling of teeth is prevalent in the same areas in the UK which had previously been prevalent with goitre. 1941 - Schwarz (Germany) prepares fluoride/iodide anti-thyroid medications and combines with sedatives. 1942 - Euler & Eichler (Germany) report that the chronic administration of organic fluoride compounds (fluorotyrosine) cause the same defects in bone as inorganic fluorides, although no dissociation takes place, ascribing effects to the whole molecule. 1942 - Euler & Eichler further report that the chronic administration of organic fluoride compounds cause the same defects in teeth as inorganic fluorides. Identical crystal formation is seen, although no soluble (free) fluoride is observed, leading the authors to the conclusion that such crystals declared by others to contain “calcium fluoride” [see: fluoroapatite] could not be such. The organic compounds did not dissolve. 1944 - The editorial in the Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) acknowledges that "...drinking water containing as little as 1.2 to 3ppm of fluorine will cause such developmental disturbances...as goitre". 1946 - The Atomic Energy Commission (Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - headed by Harold Carpenter Hodge, incomprehensibly at the same time also head of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) - acknowledges the German findings that all fluoride compounds - organic or inorganic - inhibit thyroid hormone activity, and declares this issue a research priority. No further research into this issue is conducted, however. 1947 - Casterra uses Knoll’s "K17", later to be renamed "Capacin”, in the successful treatment of 500 hyperthyroid patients. 1948 - Steyn (Africa) finds that fluoride has definite anti-thyroid effects. He investigates the incidence of endemic goiter in the North Western Cape Province in South Africa and reports that his findings "closely agree with the ... 1944 JADA editorial", and that goiters are actually 'fluoride-induced'. 1949 - Richard May reports on the highly successful use of the organic fluoride compounds Pardinon (IG Farben) and Capacin (Knoll AG) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Up until 1943, 10,000 patients had been cured. 1949 - Euler et al. test various organic fluoride compounds and find again that all organic fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormone activity. 1950 - Wilhelm May publishes monograph on the fluoride-iodine antagonism, including over 300 references, detailing the known biochemical findings. [Originally slated for publication in 1944, the lack of paper in Germany prohibits publication until 6 years later.] 1950 - Richard May reports that between 1935 and 1947 over 5000 hyperthyroid patients had been treated successfully with Pardinon and Capacin in the May clinic alone. 1952 - Kraft and Dengel (Germany) investigate yet more fluorophenyl-derived fluoride compounds, all of which lower BMR. 1952 - In the court case Reynolds Metals Corp vs Paul Martin hypothyroidism caused by fluoride is documented. 1953 - Wadwhani (India) reports that fluoride concentrated in thyroid gland of rats consuming 0.9mg F- per day. 1954 - Wespi (Italy) reports mottled teeth ('dental fluorosis') together with goitre in Italy. 1954 - Jentzer (Switzerland) reports that less than normal amounts of thyroid hormone are deposited in the pituitary gland when rabbits are given fluoride in water - at levels corresponding to that of artificially fluoridated water. 1955 - Benagiano  & Fiorentini (Italy) describe the effects of fluoride on thyroid function. They find that the farther away from the toxic dose, the longer it takes for fluoride to cause thyroid changes. (This in accord with May (1950), who found that although it might take months - “sometimes even a year” - even low fluoride amounts would always be successful in lowering iodine levels...May urged the practioner to be patient...) 1955 - Korrodi, Wegmann, Galetti and Held also verify a fluoride - iodine antagonism, presuming that the fluoride ion pushes out the iodine in the thyroid gland. 1957 - Galetti et al. treat hyperthyroid patients with fluoride at daily doses lower than those estimated being the current average intake in the US, and document a significant reduction in protein-bound iodine, as well as an overall reduction of iodine and a reduction of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland. 1959 - Jentzer again shows reduced iodine levels in the pituitary gland under the influence of fluorides. 1960 - Gordinoff and Minder describe the results of experiments with radioactive iodine (I131) which show that fluorides remove an iodine atom during the conversion process (T4 to T3). Effects are dose-responsive, meaning the higher the fluoride intake the lower the iodine measurements. 1959/1960 - Anbar et al (Israel) report in Nature and other journals that fluoroborates and other fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormone transport and concentrate in the thyroid gland. [BTW: The first fluoroborate ‘safety document’ appeared in 1932!] 1962 - Steyn (Africa) reports that drinking water containing "as little as 1 to 2 ppm of fluorine can cause serious disturbances of general health and especially in normal thyroid gland function and in the normal processes of calcium-phosphate metabolism (parathyroid function)." 1962 - Spira reports on the fluorine-induced endocrine disturbances in mental illness. 1963 - Gorlitzer von Mundy reports on the [then] current knowledge gained from experiments by Gordonoff with I131 as to how the effects of the enzyme responsible for the T4 to T3 conversion were inhibited if a fluorine ion was absorbed before the conversion from T4 to T3 occurs. 1964 - Ritzel reports on disturbances in T4 metabolism in areas with fluoridated drinking water. 1964 - Steyn (Africa) - again - reviews the “overwhelming evidence” on the fluoride-iodine antagonism.(Steyn, Maumene, Euler et al., Wadwhani, Wadwhani and Ramaswamy, Chang et al., Littich, Benagiano and Fiorentini, Fiorentini, Feltman, De Eds, Baume and Becks, Orban, Spira, Galetti et al., Gordonoff and Minder, Wilson, Wespi, Goldemberg, Todd, Coton, Gorlitzer, May, Hodenberg, Korrodi et al., Christiani, Jentzer, Grab and Overdisse) 1964 - Steyn reports on his detailed 1949-1950 experiments on young rats, conducted to determine if there was in fact a fluoride-iodine antagonism. The experiment, which ran for 12 months, showed that the more severe the teeth were mottled, the more severe the thyroid dysfunction. It further showed that iodine supplementation was  not likely to prevent the endemic goiter caused by excessive fluoride in drinking water, and that fluoride intake needed to be reduced. 1969 - Rodesch et al. and Zor et al. independently report that fluoride mimicks TSH. 1969 - Siddiqui show small visible goiters in persons 14 to 17 years of age in India to be connected directly to high fluoride concentrations in drinking water. 1970 - Ahn and Rosenberg confirm that fluoride mimicks TSH. 1970 - Burke documents that TSH and fluoride have additive effects. 1971 - Narbutt et al. show that in rats fed sodium fluoride at 0.1 and 1 mg/day there is an increase in the thyroid weights after 4 weeks, irrespective of dosage. Narbutt recommends iodine administration during fluoride prophylaxis. 1972 - Willems et al. document that sodium fluoride blocks thyroid hormone secretion. 1972 - Day and Powell-Jackson study 648 people in 13 mountainous regions in Nepal where the iodine content in the water is low and find a close relationship between fluoride intake and the incidence of goiter. 1976 - Polish researchers Bobek and Kahl document that rats consuming fluoride in water at 0.1 to 1 mg/day have significantly lowered T4, T3, and free thyroxine index in plasma. They ascribe this to an inhibition of thyroid hormone transport by fluoride. 1976 - Aliev finds that goiter, caries and fluorosis are correlated in Azerbaijan. 1976 - Orgiazzi et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue in assessing "cold nodules". 1978 - In German thyroid medications like "Druesensalbe Fides", "Strumadragees Fides" and "Strumetten"  still list calcium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride as active ingredients, and are listed in the 1978 index of the German Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical  Industry. ("Schilddruesentherapeutika" in "Rote Liste", Bundesverband der Pharmazeutischen Industrie, e.V., Frankfurt, Germany) 1978 - Maccia et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue (hyperplastic thyroid, hyperfunctioning follicular carcinoma, "cold" nodules). 1978 - Kalderon & Sheth use fluoride as TSH analogue  ("cold" nodules). 1978 - George Waldbott writes that in most cases of poisoning from fluoridated water in which he had occasion to study the action of the thyroid gland, it's function was low. He cites a case of a 33-year-old male who exhibited typical manifestations of pre-skeletal fluorosis and a basal metabolism rate of -22, indicative of hypothyroidism. Within three months after the man ceased consuming fluoridated water, the thyroid function had returned to normal (BMR=0). In addition, Waldbott writes that "simultaneously, other symptoms associated with low grade fluoride poisoning - including excessive thirst, headaches, blurred vision, arthritis in shoulders, elbows, knees, and gastrointestinal disturbances - also disappeared." [He did not know that the symptoms he ascribed to "low-grade fluoride poisoning" would likewise be considered symptoms of hypothyroidism some 20 years later.] See: COMPARISON OF SYMPTOMS: FLUORIDE POISONING/HYPOTHYROIDISM 1979 - Toccafondi et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue in assessing hyperfunctioning nodules (thyroid toxic adenoma). 1979 - Walinder et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue to activate human thyroid tumors (nodules). 1979 - Hillman et al. find that cattle afflicted with fluorosis develop hypothyroidism.(Fluorosis here caused by mineral supplements.) 1982 - Mizukami et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue (adenomatous goiter). 1983 - Sidora et al. find iodine deficiency and "adaptive amplification of the hypophyseal-thyroid system, not ensuring an absolute compensation in the citizens using drinking water with an ‘enhanced’ fluorine content as compared to a ‘decreased’ one, accompanied by an augmented incidence of functional disturbance". 1983 - Desai et al.(India) report increased incidence of goiter in endemic fluorosis areas. 1985 - Bachinskii et al. document how fluorides at 2.3 ppm in water cause tension of function of the pituitary-thyroid system that is expressed in TSH-elevated production, a decrease in the T3 concentration [both sure-tell diagnostic signs of hypothyroidism] and more intense absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid [as in iodine deficiency]. The results lead to a conclusion that excess of fluorine in drinking water was a risk factor of more rapid development of thyroid pathology. 1985 - Clark and Gerend use fluoride as TSH analogue in human thyroid cancers. 1988 - Zhao publishes first results of investigations into mutual interactive effects of fluoride and iodine in goitre and dental fluorosis. 1988 - Guan et al. report on synergistic effects of iodine deficiency and fluoride excess in rat thyroid. 1989 - Tokar' and others in a study on workers exposed to fluorides write that “changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis are caused by disorders of the regulatory chain and fluorine impact on thyroid hormones' metabolism at the level of target cells”.  (-> G-proteins) 1989 - Ren et al. report more findings on the devastating effects on IQ of fluoride in low iodine areas. 1991 - Lin Fa-Fu et al. report that a low iodine intake coupled with "high" (0.88ppm) fluoride intake excaberates the central nervous lesions and the somatic developmental disturbance of iodine deficiency. The authors considered the possibility that "excess" fluoride ion affected normal de-iodination. Fluorides caused increase of reverse T3 (rT3) and elevated TSH levels, as well as increased I131 uptake (see: Bachinskii et al, 1985). 1991 - Delemer et al. show that fluoroaluminate (AlF4-) and TSH have additive effects. 1993 - Brtko et al. find that fluoride inhibits binding of 125I-T3 to its receptor in rat liver nuclei. 1993 - Desai et al. investigate 22,276 people in India and find dental fluorosis and goitre significantly and positively correlated. 1994 - Tezelmann et al. report that fluoride, by increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration, causes desensitization of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHr). No specific thyroid factor(s) other than increased levels of cAMP are required for TSHr desensitization. 1994 - Yang et al. investigate intelligence in children and report that high iodine and high fluoride exert “severe damage to the human body”. 1995 - Balabolkin et al. study the thyroid and immune statuses in workers continuously exposed to fluorine. “...T3 is seen reduced in 51% of the workers. The examinees with 'euthyroid condition' had immune disorders with an allergic tendency (increased number of B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins A). In workers with subclinical hypothyroidism, the immune alterations were more evident, T-lymphocytes count rose, but their functional activity declined, indicating impaired cooperation of immunocytes as a result of imperfect control under low concentrations of T3." (aberrant G protein activation). 1996 - Mikhailets et al. again report on the low T3 levels in same workers exposed to fluorides. Suggests that the "low T3" syndrome could be used as a diagnostic tool in assessment of "fluorosis". 1996 - Mahmood investigates the effects of low doses of sodium fluoride on the thyroid glands of guinea pigs. Findings are: 1. Depletion of colloid from the follicles. 2. Shrinkage of follicles. 3. Disruption of follicular basement membrane associated with oedema and degeneration of the follicular epithelial cells. 4. Increased follicular vascularity. 5. Fatty degeneration in the inter-follicular connective tissue. 1998 - Zhao et al. conduct an extensive study on mice receiving several fluoride-iodine combinations in addition to basal diet. The authors find that iodine and fluorine have "mutually interacting" effects on both goiter and fluorosis in the experimental mice. 1998 - Swarup et al., investigating fluoride-intoxicated cattle near an aluminum smelter in India, find decreased levels of triiodothyronine (T3) in the affected animals when compared to normal animals. 1999 - Data by Jooste et al shows that goitre occurrence in iodine-sufficient areas in Africa is due to fluoride. In 5 out of 6 villages goiter prevalence directly corresponds to fluoride in water, observable at concentrations even lower than deemed "optimal" for “"caries prevention". 2001 - Negoita et al. report the increase of acquired hypothyroidism in the St. Regis Akwesasne Mohawks, a population long known to be poisoned by fluoride emissions from a Reynolds aluminum smelter. 2001 - 2002 - Gupta et al. (India) and Suketa (Japan) show that in cases of fluorosis there is hyperparathyroidism, as seen in elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.    It is now known that elevated PTH levels are caused by the prolonged elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) levels (i.e. Paloyan et al, 1997). Fluoride is a TSH analogue. See next item... 2002 - As a result of research into molecular biology  there are hundreds upon hundreds of studies available documenting the actions of fluorides upon G proteins, the "On" and "Off" switches involved in cellular signal transmission.    During the 1980s and 1990s fluorides become known as the universal G-protein activator. Although there have been numerous studies before showing that fluorides act like TSH, the thyroid-stimulating-hormone - as seen above -, it can now be documented in deep detail, for it is known that G proteins in thyroid physiology are normally absolutely dependent on TSH and are inactive without it. TSH is the master, sometimes also referred to as the "first violinist in the orchestra".    The TSH receptor is the only receptor known able to activate all G protein families, an activity directly imitated by fluoride. see also: Tables Hyperparathyroidism 2004 - Shen et al. show both an antagonistic as well as synergistic relationship of iodine and fluoride on phospholipid and fatty acid composition in brain cells of rats, depending on the amount of iodine. 2004 - Wang et al. investigate the effects of fluoride and low iodine on biochemical indexes in the brain and learning/memory in offspring rats. “In comparison with control rats, the learning and memory ability of the offspring rats was depressed by high fluoride, low iodine, or the combination of high fluoride and low iodine. Brain protein was decreased by low iodine and even more by the combined interaction of high fluoride and low iodine. The activity of cholinesterase (ChE) in the brain was affected to some extent by high fluoride and low iodine but was especially affected by high fluoride and low iodine together.” 2004 - Bouaziz et al. investigate the effects of fluoride on thyroid hormones and bone in suckling mice and find a reduction of plasma free T4 and T3 levels in the offspring, as well as accelerated bone resorption activity. (Bone formation is regulated by the endocrine system.) 2005 - Dr. Susheela and co-workers present not only the first reports on TSH and free TH levels in children and adolescents with DF but, in addition, show that even in children without DF - but elevated fluoride serum levels - abnormal TH metabolism is present, as previously observed in workers exposed to fluoride, as well as children and adults with various amounts of fluoride in the water supply. 2005 - Ruiz-Payan et al. show that even at 1 ppm (fluoride in water) T3 levels are reduced in adolescents living in Northern Mexico. 2005 - Russian researchers investigate iodine deficiency in areas polluted with fluoride from air: "The excess intake of fluorine was shown to increase the incidence of thyroid diseases and to lower anthropometric indices in children. The preventive measures performed to eliminate iodine-deficiency disorders under intensive ambient air pollution with fluorine compounds were found to be insufficiently effective." ================================== REFERENCES: Ahn CS, Rosenberg IN - "Iodine metabolism in thyroid slices - effects of TSH, dibutyril cyclic 3',5'-AMP, NaF and prostaglandin E1" Endocrinology 86(2):396-405 (1970) Aliev Yu M - "Some biogeochemical characteristics of the environment in Azerbaijan, USSR" Gig Sanit (8):103-104 (1976) Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z -" Effect of monofluorosulphanate, difluorophosphate, and F borate ions on the iodine uptake of the thyroid gland" Nature 183:1517 (1959) Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z- "The accumulation of fluoroborate ions in thyroid glands of rats" Endocrinology 66:888 (1960) (-> fluoroborate concentrates in thyroid gland, inhibits iodide transport) Anon - "The specific features of the development of iodine deficiencies in children living under environmental pollution with fluorine compounds" Gig Sanit  (6):53-5 (2005) MEDLINE Bachinskii PP, Gutsalenko OA, Naryzhniuk ND, Sidora VD, Shliakhta AI - "Action of the body fluorine of healthy persons and thyroidopathy patients on the function of hypophyseal-thyroid the system" Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 31(6):25-9 (1985) (-> reduced T3, increased TSH and I131 uptake) Balabolkin MI, Mikhailets ND, Lobovskaia RN, Chernousova NV - "The interrelationship of the thyroid and immune statuses of workers with long-term fluorine exposure" Ter Arkh 67(1):41-2(1995) Benagiano A, Fiorentini S -"Richerche sperimentali e cliniche sui rapporrti tra fluore e tirodi" Annali di Stomatol 4:3-16(1955) Bobek S, Kahl S, Ewy Z - "Effect Of Long Term Fluoride Administration on Thyroid Hormone Levels In Rats" Endocrinol Exp (Bratisl)10:289-295 (1976) Bouaziz H, Ammar E, Ghorbel H, Ketata S, Jamoussi K, Ayadi F, Guermazi F, Zeghal N - "Effect of fluoride ingested by lactating mice on thyroid function and bone maturation of their suckling pups" Fluoride 37(2):133-142 (2004) Brtko J, Knopp J, Baker ME - "Inhibition of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine binding to its receptor in rat liver by protease inhibitors and substrates" Mol Cell Endocrinol 93(1):81-6 (1993) Burke G - "Comparison of thyrotropin and sodium fluoride effects on thyroid adenyl cyclase" Endocrinology 86(2):346-52 (1970) Casterra H - "Erfahrungen mit einem neuen organischen Fluorpräparat bei Hyperthyreosen" Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 2(22):704-705 (1947) (describes use of  Knoll's "K 17" - later named Capacin - in successful treatment of over 500 hyperthyroid patients. K 17 => 3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) Chang CY, Phillips PH, Hart EB, Bostedt G - J Dairy Sci 17:695 (1934) Cristiani H - "Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication fluoree" Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930) Clark OH, Gerend PL - "Thyrotropin regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in human thyroid neoplasms" Surgery 97(5):539-46 (1985) Cristiani H - "Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication fluoree" Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930) Day TK, Powell-Jackson PR -"Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre" Lancet 1:1135-1138 (1972) Delemer B, Dib K, Saunier B, Haye B, Jacquemin C, Correze C - "Alteration of the functional activity of Gs protein in thyrotropin-desensitized pig thyroid cells" Mol Cell Endocrinol 75(2):123-31 (1991) Desai VK, Solanki DM, Bansal RK "Epidemiological study of goitre in endemic fluorosis district of Gujarat" Fluoride 26(3):187-190 (1993) Desai VK, Saxena DK, Bharsar BS, Kantharia SL - “Health survey of residents of villages surrounding fluoride mines in relation to their drinking water fluoride level” Abstracts, 13th Conference ISFR, New Delhi (1983) Euler H, Eichler - “Ueber die Wirkung von Fluor in organischer Binding auf das Zahnsystem der Ratte” Arch exper Path 199:179-187 (1942); also Dtsch Zahn Hk 9(1) (1942) Euler H, Eichler O, Hindemith H  - "Über die Wirkung einiger organischer Fluoride bei chronischer Darreichung" Arch exp. Path u Pharmakol. Bd.206:75-82 (1949), also cited in: Steyn DG - The problem of dental caries and the fluoridation of public water supplies - Johannisburg (1958) (All organic fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid  function, all compounds act on glycogen/liver - activity only differentiated by amplitude) Galletti PM, Joyet G - "Effect of fluoride on thyroidal iodine metabolism in hyperthyroidism" J Clin Endocrinol 18:1102-1110 (1958) Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 13:909 (1913), cited in: Kraft K -"Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin." Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937) Gautier -  Bull Soc Chim 14:241 (1914); cited in: Kraft K -"Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin." Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937) Gedalia I, Brand N -"The relationship of fluoride and iodine in drinking water in the occurrence of goiter" Arch Int Pharmacodyn 142:312-5 (1963) Goldemberg L -"Action physiologique des fluorures" Compt Rend Soc Physiol (Paris) 95:1169 (1926) Goldemberg L - La Semana Med 28:628 (1921) - also cited in Wilson RH, DeEds F - "The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride Toxicity" Endocrinology 26:851 (1940) Goldemberg L - Compt Rend Soc Biol (Paris) 104:1031 (1930) Goldemberg L - Revista de Especialidad, T.V. No.6 (1930) Goldemberg L - J Physiol et Path 25:1 (1927) Goldemberg, Pighini, Parhou & Goldstein - La glande thyr, in: Lehrbuch der endokrin. Erkrankungen, Vol. 1, Genf, Ed. Christiani (1923) Goldemberg L - Prens Med Argent (Oct. 1930, Dec. 1930) Goldemberg L - "Traitement de la maladie de Basedow et de 'hyperthyroidisme par le fluor" Presse Méd 102:1751 (1930) Goldemberg L - J Physiol et Path 25:1 (1927); 26 (1928) Goldemberg L - "Comment agiraient-ils therapeutiquement les fluoers dans le goitre exopthalmique et dans l'hyperthyroidisme" Semana Med 39:1659 (1932) Goldemberg & Schraiber - Revista de la Soc Argentin de Biol: Vol. XI(1)(1935); Vol XI (2) (1935); Vol. XI (7) (1935) Gordonoff T (Ed) - "Fluor und die Schilddrüse", Toxikology des Fluors (Toxicology of fluorine) Symposium, Ber, Oct.15-17 1962, Schwabe Verlag, Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964) Gordonoff T, Minder W - "Fluoride and the thyroid gland" in "World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics" Pitman Medical Co, Vol 2:234-247 (1960) Gordonoff T, Minder W - "Caries prophylaxis with fluorine as a physiological problem" Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 82:972-973 (1952) Gordonoff T - "Zum Fluorproblem" Osterr Z Stomatol 54:561:571 (1957) Gorlitzer von Mundy  V - Arch f. exper.Path 165 (1932) Gorlitzer von Mundy V - "Die Beinflussung des Stoffwechsels durch die Halogenwasserstoffsäuren im Tierexperiment, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fluorwasserstoffsäure" Arch Exp Pathol 165:443- 461 (1932) (describes his 1500 investigations on fluoride use in inhibition of metamorphosis in tadpoles, mice experiments, etc., many pictures) Gorlitzer von Mundy V -  "Ein neuer Weg zur Behandlung der Thyreotoxikose mit Fluorwasserstoffsäure" Med Klin 21:&17-719 (1932) (reports on the first successful use of baths containing HF in the treatment of hyperthyroidism) Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Wien Klin Wschr 48 (1933) Gorlitzer von Mundy  V - Med. Klin.47:911 (1952), cited in Gorlitzer von Mundy, V - "Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den Stoffwechsel, insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse" Münch Med Wochensschr 105:182-186 (1963) Gorlitzer von Mundy, V - "Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den Stoffwechsel, insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse" Münch Med Wochensschr 105:182-186 (1963); also in Gordonoff, T. - Fluor und die Schilddrüse, Toxikology des Fluors Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964) Gorlitzer von Mundy V - J. Physiol.et Path gen 25:1 (1927) (3 mg NaF- fluoride intake in rabbits and rats results in goiter and cretinism-like conditions) Guan ZZ, Zhuang ZJ, Yang PS, Pan S - "Synergistic action of iodine-deficiency and fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid" Chin Med J (Engl) 101(9):679-84  (1988) Gupta SK, Khan TI, Gupta RC, Gupta AB, Gupta KC, Jain P, Gupta A - “Compensatory hyperparathyroidism following high fluoride ingestion - a clinico - biochemical correlation“ Indian Pediatr  38(2):139-46 (2001)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11224578&dopt=Abstract Hatfield JD, Shrewsbury CL, Andrews FN, Doyle LP - "Iodine-fluorine relationship in sheep nutrition" J Anim Sci 3:71-77 (1944) Hillman D, Bolenbaugh DL, Convey EM - "Hypothyroidism and anemia related to fluoride in dairy cattle" J Dairy Sci 62(3):416-23 (1979) Jonderko G, Kita K, Pietrzak J, Primus-Slowinska B, Ruranska B, Zylka-Wloszczyk M, Straszecka J - "Effect of subchronic sodium fluoride poisoning on the thyroid gland of rabbits with normal and increased supply of iodine" Endokrynol Pol 34(3):195-203 (1983) Jentzer A -"Action du fluor sur le relais thyroidenhypophysaire demontree par l'iode 131" Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 10:211-220 (1954) (Less than normal amounts of thyroid hormone are deposited in the pituitary gland when rabbits are given fluoride in water at levels corresponding to that of artificially fluoridated water) Jentzer, A - "Effet du fluor et du fluor-iod sur la teneur en iode de la thyroide de lapin" Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 15:412-422 (1959). (In rabbits fed 0.05mg F- per day [!] iodine content in thyroid was reduced by 25%. Also showed that the iodine uptake in the pituitary gland was greatly reduced under the influence of fluoride) Jooste PL, Weight MJ, Kriek JA, Louw AJ - “Endemic goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa” Eur J Clin Nutr 53(1):8-12 (1999) Kalderon AE, Sheth V - "Secretion and adenylate cyclase in thyroid nodules" Arch Pathol Lab Med 102(7):381-86 (1978) Kraft K - "Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin." Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937) Kraft K - "Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer Fluorverbindungen" Knoll Research, Chem Ber. 84(2):150-156 (1951) (describes manufacturing processes of numerous organic fluorides, after it was shown that all organic fluoride compounds displayed stronger anti-thyroid activity than the fluoride ion) Kraft K, Dengel F - "Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer Fluorverbindungen, II. Mitteilung" Chem Ber 85(6):577-582 (1952) (more reports on fluorophenyl/organic fluoride investigations..."in regards to their characteristics in lowering BMR...") Lin Fa-Fu, Aihaiti, Zhao Hong-Xin, Lin Jin, Jiang Ji-Yong, Maimaiti, and Aiken - "The Relationship of a Low-Iodine and High-Fluoride Environment to Subclinical Cretinism in Xinjiang" ICCIDD Newsletter, Volume 7 Number 3 August (1991)http://64.177.90.157/science/html/lin_fa-fu.html Litzka G - "Die experimentellen Grundlagen der Behandlung des Morbus Basedow und der Hyperthyreose mittels Fluortyrosin" Med Wochenschr 63:1037-1040 (1937) (discusses the basis of the use of fluorides in anti-thyroid medication, documents activity on liver, skeletal muscle, inhibition of glycolysis, etc.) Litzka G - "Erfolgskontrolle bei Behandlung der Schilddrüsenüberfunktion" Z. klin. Med.131:791-799 (1937) Litzka G - "Die antithyreotoxische Wirkung des Fluortyrosins" Arch. exp. Pathol. u. Pharmakol. 183:436-458 (1936) Litzka G -"Fluortyrosine" Klin Wochenschr. 15:1568-1569 (1936) Macchia V, Mandato E, Carella C, Pisano G, Biscaglia G - "The adenylate cyclase-cyclic cAMP-phosphodiesterase system in pathological human thyroid" J Endocrinol Invest 1(4):337-45 (1978) Machioro - Riforma Med p.1436 (1932); Ref. Zbl.68, p.515 (1932); also cited in Purjesz et al, 1934 Mahmood Bhat GH - "Effect of fluoride ions on the thyroid glands of guinea pigs" JK Practitioner International 3(2): 94-6 (1996) Maumené E -"Experiencé pour déterminer l'action des fluores sur l'economie animale" Compt Rend Acad Sci (Paris) 39:538-539 (1854) May W - "Antagonismus zwischen Jod und Fluor im Organismus" Klin Wochenschr 14:790-792 (1935) May W - "Behandlung the Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich des schweren genuinen Morbus Basedow mit Fluor" Klin Wochenschr 16:562-564 (1937) May W - “Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich des Morbus Basedow” Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Innere Medizin, 49. Kongress, Wiesbaden March 15 - 18, 1937, publ. Munich (1937) May W - "Die Basedowsche Krankheit" Aulendorf (1950) May R - "Untersuchungen über den Fluorgehalt des Trinkwasseres in bayerischen Kropfgebieten verschiedener Endemiestärke" Z. Ges. Exp. Med 107:450 (1940) May R -"Therapie mit organischen Fluorverbindungen" Med Wochenschr 4:489-490 (1950) May Richard - "Erfahrungen in der Behandlung von Hyperthyreose- und Basedow-Kranken mit einer organischen Fluorverbindung (Fluoroxyphenylessigsäure, 'Capacin')" Deutsche Med. Wochenschr.74(12):374-375 (1949) (reviews the highly successful use of organic fluoride compounds Pardinon and Capacin  in treatment of hyperthyroidism - up to 1943 already over 10,000 patients treated...) May Wilhelm - "Fluor als Therapeuticum" Arzneimittel Forschung 1:33-37 (1951) (Review on fluoride as a therapeutic agent...discusses fluoride Goldemberg's 1926 use in treatment of whooping cough (-> Pertussin - G(i) proteins),  Goldemberg's prioneering work in 1928 in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, etc..., as well as his son's - Richard May - decision in 1949 to recommened use of fluoride compounds as an anti-caries prophylaxis...discusses fluoroform as whooping cough (pertussis) medication, difluorophenyl compounds as wound-disinfectants such as "Epidermin", another fluorophenyl compound called "Fluor-rheumin" against rheumatism, etc.) May H, Litzka G - “Über die Hemmung des Tumorwachstums durch Fluortyrosine" Z. Krebsforschung 48:376 - 382 (1939) May W - "Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschließlich des Morbus Basedow" Diskussionsvortrag, Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für innere Medizin, 49.Kongress, Wiesbaden,  March 15-18, 1937, München(1937) May W - "Die Behandlung der Hyperthyeosen mit Fluortyrosine" Deutsch Med Wochenschr 68:164 (1942) May W, Schwartz E - Fortschr Med 28:9 (1932);  also cited in: Kraft K -"Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I. Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin" Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937) McKay, FS - "Progress of the year in the investigation of mottled enamel with special reference to its association with artesian water" J Natl Dental Assn 5:721 (1918) Mikhailets ND, Balabolkin MI, Rakitin VA, Danilov IP - "Thyroid function during prolonged exposure to fluorides." Problemy Endokrinologii 42 (1):6-9 (1996) "Thyroid function was examined in 165 workers of electrolysis shops of aluminum production with more or less expressed signs of chronic fluoride intoxication (fluorosis) by radioimmunoassay of hormones and the test of 131I absorption by the thyroid. The detected thyroid abnormalities were characterized by a moderate reduction of iodine-absorbing function of the thyroid, low T3 with normal T4 level, and a slight increase of TTH concentration. These changes augmented with longer service and fluorosis progress. Hence, the syndrome of low T3 and reduced absorption of 131I may be considered as diagnostic signs of fluorosis. In case of toxic involvement of the liver in fluorosis patients, low T3 syndrome is observed much more frequently: in 75.6% cases. Liver abnormalities evidently lead to disorders in the peripheral conversion of T4 in T3, occurring primarily in liver parenchyma. Indirect effect of fluorine on the enzymatic system of deiodination cannot be ruled out as well." Mizukami Y, Matsubara F, Matsukawa S - "Localization of adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in human thyroid follicular cells" Histochemistry 74(1):9-19(1982) Monti M, Hedner P, Ikomi-Kumm J, Valdemarsson S - "Erythrocyte metabolism in hyperthyroidism: a microcalorimetric study on changes in the Embden-Meyerhof and the hexose monophosphate pathways" Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 115(1):87-90(1987) Narbutt B, Romer TE, Grabski J, Szymik N - "Influence of natrium fluoride on the structure of the rat thyroid" Endocrynol Pol 22 (5):445-451 (1971) Nasse O - "Beitraege zur Physiologie der contractilen Substanz"  Pfluegers Archiv fuer Physiologie 2: 97-121 (1869) Negoita S, Swamp L, Kelley B, Carpenter DO - "Chronic diseases surveillance of St. Regis Mohawk Health Service patients" J Public Health Manag Pract 7(1):84-91 (2001) Orgiazzi J, Chopra IJ, Solomon DH, Williams DE - "Comparison of the effect of TSH and fluoride on the adenylate cyclase activity of cold thyroid nodules" Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 37(2):107-8 (1976) Orlowski W- "Sur la valeur therapeutique du sang animal du bore et du fluor dans la maladie de Basedow" La Presse Medicale 42:836-837 (1932) Paloyan Walker R, Kazuko E, Gopalsami C, Bassali J, Lawrence AM, Paloyan E - “Hyperparathyroidism associated with a chronic hypothyroid state” Laryngoscope 1107(7):903-9 (1997) Pastan I, Macchia V, Katzen R - "Effect of fluoride on metabolic activity of thyroid slices" Endocrinology 83(1):157-60 (1968) Phillips PH, English HE, Hart EB - "The influence of sodium fluoride upon the basal metabolism of the rat under several experimental conditions" Am J Physiol 113:441-449 (1935) [First evidence that fluoride mimicks TSH. Also, when 5.2mg of NaF (2.34 F-) was added to diet of rats fed desiccated thyroid, effects were dramatically potentiated leading to rapid weight loss and death: F- and thyroid have synergistic effects...] Phillips PH - "The manifestations of scurvy-like symptoms induced by ingestion of sodium fluoride"J Biol Chem 100:29 (1933) Phillips PH - "Further studies on the effects of NaF administration upon the basal metabolic rate of experimental animals" Am J Physiol 117:155-159(1936) (F- and thyroid have synergistic effects) Phillips PH, Edens RJ - "Fluorgehalt d. Schilddrüse in Fällen von Hyperthyreoase" Madison  Diskussion, Biblioth.d Forsch. 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